Disabled by Wilfred Owen and Out, Out by Robert Frost

Compare how the theme of loss is communicated in the poems â€Å"Disabled† by Wilfred Owen and ‘Out, Out –‘by Robert Frost In both of the poems â€Å"Out, Out’’ and ‘’Disabled’ ’has a similar theme of loss and is shown throughout each poem. Both of the poem deals with the subject of physical loss. The characters of these poems both experience losses from an accident. They create an effect, where the audience will show empathy to the two poems. In order to create this outstanding effect, they both used similar literary techniques. Techniques such as, metaphor, simile, rhyme, repetition and etc. As each technique is used as the theme of loss has increased, which means that more sympathy is to be shown when the readers are reading the poem. Slowly the poem gives a negative image to readers. â€Å"Disabled is a poem written in the 1910s by Wilfred Owen, the poem describes the experience of a young soldier who was fighting in World War I. After the war he lost his limbs as it was very unfortunate for him. As the poem goes on, he was then laughed and discriminated about his unfortunate loss. He then feels regretful of the reason why he went to fight for his country. The adjective â€Å"Disabled â€Å"is associated with negative connotations. The poem is about the negative feelings of an ex-soldier who lost had an unfortunate loss of limbs. As this is similar to the poem ‘Out, Out ‘. Robert Frost starts off the poem with a lovely and happy scene, a child who was doing work. The author portrays andShow MoreRelatedCompare How Robert Frost and Wilfred Owen Communicate the Theme of Loss in ‘Out, Out-’ and â€Å"Disabled†.1650 Words   |  7 PagesCompare how Robert Frost and Wilfred Owen communicate the theme of loss in ‘Out, Out-’ and â€Å"Disabled†. In the two poems â€Å"Out, Out-† and â€Å"Disabled†, a similar theme of loss is portrayed. Both of these poems deal with the subject of physical loss, as both protagonists of these poems experience accidental amputation. Both Robert Frost and Wilfred Owen manage to captivate their audience’s attention, and also a certain degree of sympathy for the protagonists’ misfortune. They do this successfullyRead Morecomparison between the poems out, out and disabled3116 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Comparative essay between the poems â€Å"Out, Out-† and â€Å"Disabled† Wilfred Owen and Robert Frost both use their poems â€Å"Out, Out-† and â€Å"Disabled† to portray the destruction of youth and how it can be cut short by a lack of maturity and wisdom. This creates a sense of loss of innocence within the reader. In â€Å"Out, Out-† the subject or character has a very quick and short death which contrasts to â€Å"Disabled† as death would be a merciful release to the veteran described. Frost and Owen also both use a third personRead MoreDeath Is The Mental State Of The Boy913 Words   |  4 Pagesstories involving death, death becomes inevitable. In â€Å"Out, Out-† by Robert Frost, death is the physical state of the boy and is an accident full of fright, while in â€Å"Disabled† by Wilfred Owen, death is the mental state of the narrator and the monotony of his life became after losing his legs; however, both poems illustrate the idea that life continues after one’s death. In a physical sense, death can be quick and sudden. In â€Å"Out, Out-† Frost depicts a frightful and the accidental physical deathRead MoreAnalysis Of Out, Out By Wilfred Owen2067 Words   |  9 Pages‘In the poem â€Å"Out, Out-,† the primary character is exploited by his family, and in ‘Disabled’, the war veteran is exploited by the government. A good example of how the government takes advantage in ‘Disabled’, is â€Å"Smiling they wrote his lie,† in this quote recruitment officers, working for the government, recruit the boy, knowing he is under age. The word ‘smiling’ shows that they were happy to recruit him, this is injustice as they did not take the required legal action to stop him, but happilyRead MoreCompare and Contrast ‚Äà ºDisabled‚Äà ¹ by Wilfred Owen and ‚Äà ºOut, Out-‚Äà ¹by Robert Frost. in What Ways Do They Explore the Theme of Pain and Suffering?1251 Wo rds   |  6 PagesCOMPARE AND CONTRAST â€Å"DISABLED† BY WILFRED OWEN AND â€Å"OUT, OUT-†BY ROBERT FROST. IN WHAT WAYS DO THEY EXPLORE THE THEME OF PAIN AND SUFFERING? These two poems are very different in terms of syntax, structure and actions, but the tone is the same in each. Both poems make us pity the young boys who were forced to grow up before their time, not understanding the possible consequences of their actions. They are connected in this way despite being thrown out of life differently (and because of differentRead MoreComparing The Novel Out, Out And Disabled 2015 Words   |  9 Pagesthe writers create sympathy in ‘Out, Out -’and ‘Disabled’ In the poems, Robert Frost and Wilfred Owen both create sympathy for the characters through different ways. In ‘Disabled’, Owen paints a vivid, moving picture of a soldier who has been injured in World War One and lost his legs and an arm. Wilfred Owen himself took part in the war, consequently witnessing first hand many young men whose lives were similarly destroyed. In the poem, ‘Out, Out’, Robert Frost shows the fragility of life in twoRead MoreAnalysis Of Poems By Robert Frost And Wilfred Owen1984 Words   |  8 PagesIn the poems, Robert Frost and Wilfred Owen both create sympathy for the characters through different ways. In ‘Disabled’, Owen paints a vivid, moving picture of a soldier who has been injured in World War One and lost his legs and an arm. Wilfred Owen himself took part in the war, consequently witnessing first hand many young men whose lives were similarly destroyed. In the poem, ‘Out, Out’, Robert Frost shows th e fragility of life in two ways. Firstly alluding to Shakespeare’s metaphor in ‘Macbeth’sRead MoreA Comparison Between Out, Out And Disabled By Wilfred Owen1903 Words   |  8 PagesA Comparison Between â€Å"Out, Out† by Robert Frost and â€Å"Disabled† by Wilfred Owen â€Å"Out, out, brief candle! illustrates the image of a wavering candle light that is fragile and brief also brings to mind the spirit of life, which at the same time is also brief in addition to easily snatched away. â€Å"Out, out is a poem by Robert Frost whom tells the tale of a young boy that has lost his life under and unfortunate circumstance. In comparison, â€Å"Disabled† by Wilfred Owen depicts a man that has left partRead MoreAnalysis Of The Of A Fragile Wavering Candle Light2295 Words   |  10 PagesReading Coursework SECâ€Æ' â€Æ' Compare and contrast the ways in which ‘Disabled’ and ‘Out,Out-‘ focus on youth and death. ‘Out, out, brief candle! Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage, and then is heard no more’. This image in Shakespeare’s Macbeth of a fragile wavering candle light is a metaphor for how fragile and brief the free spirit of life is. ‘Out, Out-‘ is a poem by Robert Frost that describes the accumulation of events that leads to the death

Benefits Of Music And Art Education - 977 Words

The Benefits of Music and Art Education If we live in the land of many opportunities, then why should music and art programs be cut from schools? When people hear the term â€Å"art†, their first initial thought would most likely be drawing or painting. However, it’s a lot more than the visual art forms that can be set on a paper or canvas; According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, the term â€Å"Art† is â€Å"something that is created with imagination and skill and that is beautiful or that expresses important ideas or feelings.† Words can also be used to express and that’s why we have journals and diaries to document our thoughts or feelings. This is where poetry comes in handy to reveal words with many meanings as a whole. Overall, music and art play huge roles in our lives on child development and to some people it can mentally shape their minds to a greater understanding of why things are the way they are from the start of life. Opportunities with extracurricular are to happen when there are chances and these chances would be made possible if schools were supported financially. Even though music and art programs in schools are beneficial, students have credit requirements that they need to acquire before other things, such as math, english, social studies, and science. These core classes are important for students that schools need to focus on providing good education and updated materials. Not many children have decided that the arts are based on their interests so sometimes theyShow MoreRelated The Importance of Arts Education Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Arts Education Jane Alexander, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), once said, â€Å"Many children are missing out on something which gives their education context, gives their lives depth and meaning, and prepares them to be the future workforce.† This â€Å"something† that she spoke of is music and art education. Unfortunately, she is entirely correct. We are currently seeing in our country a dramatic cut in arts education curriculum in our public schoolsRead MoreHigh School And The Neural And Scholastic Benefits Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesGerald Ford said, â€Å"Music education opens doors that help children pass from school into the world around them a world of work, culture, intellectual activity, and human involvement. The future of our nation depends on providing our children with a complete education that includes music.† Music can do so much for the youth of the nation because it encourages group cooperation, independent study, an d a way to relax. It has often been debated whether the benefits of music in school are significantRead MoreThe Importance of Funding Music and Art Programs for Young Students Across America1685 Words   |  7 PagesMuch too often in America today, modern music and art programs in schools are perceived to many as extracurricular activities rather than important subjects that are vital to a students learning and skill development. The truth of the matter is that encouraging music and art education in public schools has a much larger impact on student’s grades, academic performance, and the economy than the majority people realize. Within the next year city school budgets will be dropping by twenty five percentRead MoreHigh School And The Neural And Scholastic Benefits Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesFord said, â€Å"Music education opens doors that help children pass from school into the world around them a world of work, culture, intellectual activity, and human involvement . The future of our nation depends on providing our children with a complete education that includes music.† Music can do much more than just affect the morals of young adolescents. It has often been debated whether the benefits of music in school are significant enough to encourage continued participation in music during highRead MoreThe Use And Benefits Of Art In Special Education And Special1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe Use and Benefits of Art in Special Education and Special Education Services In the early half of the 20th Century, education for children with special needs was near non-existent. With the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1975, however, it became mandatory for schools to provide students with special needs Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) (IDEA, 1975). Since the IDEA law was enacted, special education has expanded to include a wide variety of programsRead MoreSports vs Performing Arts1498 Words   |  6 PagesShould the performing arts receive equal as sports? The performing arts have been proven to increase a childs mind. Yet sports keep the mind and body strong. This is a debate that has being going on for the past 20 years. On whether funding should be used to fund sports or the performing arts. People argue for both sides. Today I am arguing for the performing arts. Music education being the right of all children it must be taught in appropriate ways suggested by the geographical culturalRead MoreIntegration Of Arts And The Arts798 Words   |  4 PagesIntegration of Arts Paper The incorporation of music, movement, and the arts is critical to a young child’s learning, growth and development. Each of these creative arts allow children to make meaningful connections and retain the information being taught in the classroom. It also allows for children to focus more in the classroom and it improve their behavior as well. Multiple intelligences also play a role in music, movement, and the arts. By using these creative arts in the classroom, educatorsRead MoreSchools Should Provide Better Funding For Such Programs1734 Words   |  7 Pagesyou remember going to music classes? Learning how to pluck out simple songs on the piano, a xylophone, or a recorder; or learning how to sing out a catchy tune? Did you have as much fun as I remember having? This fun is about to come to an end for the coming generations. Public schools are beginning to cut music programs from their budgets altogether, so our children may never know the sweet solace of scratching out a s imple song. Generally, music programs-- as well as fine arts as a whole-- at theRead MoreThe Liberal Arts And Education1501 Words   |  7 PagesThe liberal arts are a vital subject for the curriculum of every school worldwide. However, numerous education reforms set in motion by American government have begun to take a heavy toll on the existence of art programs in schools. Subjects such as theatre, music, dance, visual arts, and many more are being sacrificed economically in lieu of basic subjects that are listed as more important by the state. As a result of these funding cuts to arts programs, students across the nation are beginningRead MoreThe Importance of Music in Education1426 Words   |  6 PagesFinal Paper The Importance of Music in Education Whether we choose to believe it or not, music is a very present thing in one’s day to day lifestyle. From turning on the radio in the morning, to listening to it while grocery shopping, putting in our headphones while we study, music is always there. Music is also extremely underrated, which is why so many public schools are constantly threatening to take away music programs all the time. But why is music education so vital in the growth of students

Marxist Approaches to Manage Control Focus †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Marxist Approach To Managing Control Focus? Answer: Introducation Marxist approaches to manage control focus on its association with class control in industrialist social requests. Power is associated with class relations in monetary angles, administrative issues, and conviction framework. In business person social advancements, the state is thought to be particularly basic in securing the conditions for budgetary class dominance. Marxists are in like manner charmed by why directed classes seem to recognize (or disregard to see) their abuse; so they address issues of resistance and methods to accomplish radical change. Much late Marxist examination similarly plans to show how class power is scattered all through society, to keep up a key separation from money related reductionism (Thompson 2013). This part gathers the essential examples in contemporary Marxism and perceives some basic spatio-brief parts of class control. It furthermore assesses rapidly the impairments of Marxism as a sociological examination of vitality. These join its carelessness of sorts of social control that are not direct related to class; a penchant to over-stress the coherence of class authority; the procedure with issue of financial reductionism; and the converse risk of a volutaristic record of impenetrability to private undertaking (Gane 2014). Marxists have examined control relations in a wide range of ways. Be that as it may, four interrelated subjects epitomize their general approach. The first of these is a worry with power relations as appearances of a particular mode or setup of class control instead of as a simply relational marvel lacking further establishments in the social structure. This emphasis on class mastery does not suggest that power and resistance are the save of social performing artists with clear class personalities and class interests (Box 2015). It implies just that Marxists are essentially keen on the causal interconnections between the activity of social power and the proliferation as well as change of class mastery. To be sure Marxists are normally very much aware of different sorts of subject, character, opposition, and mastery. In any case, they consider these wonders to a great extent regarding their importance for, and their over determination by, class mastery. Second, Marxists are worried wi th the connections including discontinuities and in addition coherencies among monetary, political, and ideological class control. Regardless of or, maybe, in light of the undeniable centrality of this issue to Marxist examination, it keeps on provoking broad hypothetical and observational contradictions. Diverse Marxist methodologies find the bases of class power fundamentally in the social relations of generation, responsible for the state, or in scholarly dominion over hearts and psyches. I will manage these alternatives beneath (Garreth 2013, pp. 21-58). Third, Marxists take note of the constraints innate in any activity of energy that is established in some type of class mastery and attempt to clarify this regarding basic disagreements and oppositions recorded in that (Taylor, Walton and Young 2013). Consequently Marxists have a tendency to accept that all types of social power connected to class mastery are characteristically delicate, temperamental, temporary, and Managemen t and that proceeding with battles are expected to secure class control, to beat resistance, and to naturalize or bewilder class control. It takes after, fourth, that Marxists additionally address inquiries of procedure and strategies. They give exact investigations of real procedures planned to recreate, oppose, or topple class control in particular periods and conjunctures; and they frequently take part in political open deliberations about the most suitable characters, premiums, systems, and strategies for commanded classes and other persecuted gatherings to embrace specifically periods and conjunctures to challenge their subordination (Lichtheim 2015). An essential part of key investigation and computation is affectability to the spatio-worldly measurements of system and this is reflected in developing hypothetical enthusiasm for inquiries of transience and socio-spatiality. Marxists are enthusiastic about the essential event in power as points of confinement rather than control as the consummation of such cutoff points. They see these cutoff points as socially composed rather than as socially shapeless (or self-assertive). In this way Marxists focus on breaking points grounded in sorted out social relations rather than in the properties of individual authorities considered in separation. Moreover, as these composed social relations include proceeding with relations, there are correlative, if routinely strayed, breaking points and vulnerabilities (Robb 2001, pp. 11-17). On the other hand, normal specialists resistance in labor markets and the work technique show that the successful exercise of vitality is a conjectural wonder as opposed to being guaranteed by unequal social relations of era (Box 2015). Likewise Marxists regard the consummation of capacities to exercise power and its assets, expecting any, as reliably and wherever subordinate upon specifi c exercises by specific authorities specifically conditions. Marxism contrasts from different examinations of imperativeness in view of its principal vitality for class control. Then again, for instance, Weberian examinations offer climb to productive weight to different sorts of specialist (status, party); or, once more, radical women's activists form patriarchy, its structures, and impacts. Regardless, its particular excitement for class specialist is not kept to cash related class control in the work methodology (notwithstanding the way this is critical) nor even to the budgetary bases of class control in the more wide economy, (for example, control over the bit of financing to elective supportive exercises) (Weber 2015). Marxism contrasts from different examinations of imperativeness along these lines of its fundamental energy for class control. Inquisitively, for instance, Weberian examinations give parallel illustrative weight to different sorts of control (status, party); or, once more, radical women's activists form patriarchy, its structures, and impacts. Regardless, its particular enthusiasm for class predominance is not limited to budgetary class control in the work strategy (paying little heed to the way this is fundamental) nor even to the cash related bases of class specialist in the more expansive economy (Weber 2013). Marxism is started on the proximity for a lot of mankind's history of threatening techniques for creation. Creation joins the material course of action and change of nature. A methodology for creation contains in this way a particular blend of the powers of period and social relations of time. The beneficial strengths contain harsh materials, methods for period, the specific division of work diverging from these foul materials and the given techniques for creation, and the relations of connection and collaboration among the incite makers in setting the procedures for time to work. The social relations of time contain social control over the course of favorable circumstances for various profitable exercises and over the task of any subsequent wealth; the social division of work (or the task of experts to various exercises transversely over various units of creation); and class relations grounded in property relations, commitment with respect to procedures for period, and the sort of f inancial mishandling (Thompson 2013). Marxist records of political class control regularly begin with the state and its prompt and indirect parts in securing the conditions for money related class dominance. The state is underlined for various reasons: at first, since market drives themselves can't secure each one of the conditions required for capital assembling and are slanted to market dissatisfaction, there is a necessity for some instrument staying outside or progressively the market to promise it and compensate for its failure; second, fiscal and political contention between capitals requires a force prepared to make their total favorable circumstances and purpose of containment any mischief that may occur from the uneven journey for one course of action of industrialist premiums; third, the state is relied upon to manage the various and changed repercussions of money related manhandle inside the more broad society. Marxists battle that selective if the state can secure satisfactory institutional blend and social c onnection will the extra money related conditions for typical fiscal calculation and, a fortiori, capital accumulation be secured (Gane 2014). The relations among money related, political, and ideological authority can be considered in regards to the in a general sense recorded selectivity of particular sorts of control and the procedures that help to consolidate (or undermine) these selectivity. The inclination recorded on the scene of the state as a site of key action must be fathomed as a slant regarding specific frameworks looked for after by specific qualities to push specific interests over a given time horizon to the extent a specific game plan of various powers each driving their own specific preferences through specific systems. Particular sorts of state advantage a couple of methodology over others, advantage the passageway of a couple of qualities over others, a couple interests over others, some time horizons over others, some coalition potential results over others (Seidman 2016, pp.175-187). A given sort of express, a given state outline, a given kind of organization, will be more accessible to a couple powers than others as demonstrated by the methods they get to get state control. In addition, it will be more suited to the mission for a couple sorts of monetary or political system than others by virtue of the techniques for intercession and resources that depict that structure. Marx developed an assortment of thoughts to reveal the rationalistic trade of concrete and dynamic parts of time in the midst of capital storing up. They join work time, preeminent surplus regard, socially major work time, relative surplus regard, machine time, stream time, turnover time, turnover cycle, socially crucial turnover time, excitement bearing capital, and amplified expansion. He sends them to show how the strong transiences of particular systems are related with the enduring rebasing of hypothetical work time as the primary force behind the unending treadmill of contention from which neither capital nor experts can escape (Taylor, Walton and Young 2015). This primary impulse ends up being interminably competent as the world market ends up being more solidly consolidated constantly through what is frequently called globalization in any case, from a Marxist point of view, is better depicted as changing sorts of widespread monetary and political control. Marxist approaches to manage power and its movement address the going with subjects: (1) power and class control; (2) the mediations among money related, political, and ideological class authority; (3) the restrictions and irregularities of vitality that are grounded in the method with the expectation of complimentary endeavor as a plan of social relations, including their spatio-transitory edges; and (4) the piece of strategy and systems. These subjects demonstrate the qualities and weaknesses of Marxism. Musings of a bound together managing class give a bogus portrayal of the turmoil of genuine courses of action of class power the disintegrations inside and over its financial, political, and ideological estimations, the disjunctions between different sizes of social affiliation, the clashing nature and effects of techniques, systems, and methodologies, the probability of state and likewise promote disillusionments, and the point of confinement of subaltern forces to partake in res istance. Various observational examinations reveal this chaos and diserse quality however this consistently goes unremarked in unique Marxist evaluating. Thoughts of vitality and control are particularly related that they can't be autonomously inspected without referencing to each other. Not simply in present day sorts of social requests that we live in today, also in past systems the criticalness of thoughts of vitality and dominance were certain whether they were in evident structures or not. The relations of vitality and control can be taken after between individuals themselves and besides among individuals and the authorities. Yet both relations seem to have similar grounds as to their association with power and dominance thoughts, the rule refinement is in the gadgets and understandings that make a centrality, especially in the association between the overall population and the state. Max Weber and Michel Foucault are two obvious researchers who look of vitality and authority in different however comparing perspectives. From one point of view, Weber ensures that power shows up with the nearness of bureaucratic instruments and association itself. Of course, Foucault suggests that the power relations are wherever in the overall population with meandering segments that we have zero possibility however to camouflage (Levinson et al. 2015). In this paper, I show these two brains' techniques on indicated subjects and how they fluctuate and complete each other in alternate points of view. In the first place, the importance of "vitality" by Weber in essential words should be reviewed. Control, in clear terms, is the capacity to make someone achieve something that in else he would not. Is not the same as Foucault's understanding that Weber makes a strong cognizance of vitality that is framed about physically. Moreover Weber sees control relations as miracles among the performing craftsmen. Other than the general population that makes the gathering, the most basic performing craftsman is the state (Lemmert 2016, pp. 1-19). Weber describes state as the "substance which affirms a controlling foundation on the certified use of violence in a given area" 1. State tries to handle power and how she sharpens power can be called control. In Weber's words authority is "the probability that particular specific requests (or all requests) will be obeyed by a given social event of individuals" 2. Exactly when prevalence continues for a broad time allotment, it transforms into a sorted out ponder, and the sorts of quality transform into the social structures of society (Slatter and Tonkiss 2013). The most noteworthy instrument that is utilized by the present day expresses, that we live in, to set up expert is called organization. It is wherever in the general public and once the bureaucratization is set up, it is difficult to be obliterated. What is deceiving about administration is that while it is intended to keep up lawfulness for the nationals, it is additionally a political component that keeps the expert and control of the state. However, one ought to think about the three systems, which are drawn by Weber, to set up specialist in the social orders 3. Initial one of these three sorts of expert is known as the customary specialist, which is for the most part found in tribes and provinces, in which traditions and conventions are utilized for mastery. In this sort, the most productive help originates from history as the customs and propensities allow an acknowledgment from the general public and the arriving eras (Honneit 2014). Second is called appealling specialist in which the identity of pioneers builds up the important principles for control. Illustrations like Napoleon, Hitler and Fidel Castro connotes the proof of this sort of specialist as they commanded with the assistance of their individual impacts on the social orders. In today's front line social requests, the legitimate observing pro is being used that keeps up organization and control. There are clearly portrayed arrangement of fundamentals like constitutions that are executed by associations to keep up the authority. The basic point here is the legitimateness of guidelines in the bureaucratic continuum that are constrained by the state and its portions like foundations (Craib 2015). Besides, organization is the motivation to care for power, and additionally the instrument to legitimize the power and authority of the state with guidelines and authenticity to be recognized by the overall population. Of course, Foucault draws a photograph of "vitality" in a more broad sense than Weber's projection in just association and legitimation. He underlines the association among resistance and the excesses of vitality in the overall population. As shown by him, control relations are built up in the course of action of relational associations and it would be a pondering if we consider society without power relations (Fuchs 2013). Likewise, he looks control thought from an utilitarian approach as he recognizes it with the helpful practices taken care of by the master. Foucault highlights that digressive power is for the most part used by the master and the demonstrations of talks help to keep up the prevalence. What is basic about Foucault's appreciation of vitality relations is by and large the verbose executions. Be that as it may, he at first winds up the possibility of vitality relations which, he requests, are not by any stretch of the imagination gotten from state sharpens, but instead are all under state control. He underlines that state and organization is in the every region of life 4. As shown by him, control is rehearsed as power through requests that are ways to deal with deal with action to be consolidated with social systems (Archer et al. 2013). People from the overall population encounter these discussions and practices in significant and in a drawn out extend of time, which, finally, result in a game plan of reality that can't be recognized as an execution of quality. To show concrete and helpful outlines, he looks everyday presences of individuals that are spent in schools, confinement offices, mending focuses and producing plants. Each one of these spots, for instance, have ring tolls to mean an end or start, which is away for control and exercise of vitality. Movements in development and climb of resistance in the bleeding edge social requests made it doable for viable strategies for control and quality. For instance, prisons like Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon is a basic jewel that can be sharpened for surveillance and control (Parker 2014). Despite control and perception in schools or correctional facilites, Foucault in like manner underlines the piece of teach in present day social requests that are to effect individuals' practices and gain them ground toward getting to be subjects to their own specific bodies 5. With everything considered, what he is endeavoring to claim is that power relations and exercises of dominance are developed in each part of line in irregular courses, for instance, vernaculars, establishments and through social structures of control (Levinson et al. 2015). According to him, the fact of the matter is created misleadingly that is substantiated in talks and setting up disciplinary procedures. I positively assume that notwithstanding the way that the approachs shown by Weber and Foucault is all in all in different headings, they complete each other in alternate points of view. Both researchers underscore upon the detectable nature of vitality relations and exercise of quality in shielded and in actuality made improvements of Western social orders of present day social requests. From one perspective, Weber underlines the hugeness of association to better illuminate the power thought (Bryant and Jary 2014). As shown by him the wellsprings of master braces itself in bureaucratic practices. In like manner it is used to legitimize the transcendence of the state. Association is not just in the state gadgets, yet rather in each piece of current society. It is a "culminate" in light of a course of action of target rules, limited to tradition or moxy. Foucault, of course, requests that power relations are built up in the game plan of social relations. He embraces a technique of handiness in which he exhibits the instruments of vitality that are used by the state aimlessly (Powell 2013, pp. 46-63). What makes individuals have trust in the created truths is the impact of verbose practices in reliably lives, for instance, lingos, foundations, schools, handling plants or confinement offices. While Weber asks for how power and dominance is legitimized through organization, Foucault demonstrates how we legitimize the power that is reflected upon us with standard practices (McNay 2013). To complete, in this paper I endeavored to draw the philosophies of two observable researchers on thoughts like power and control. Despite the way that they seem to differentiate in a couple edges, I endeavored to show how they can complete each other. From one point of view, Weber shows how power is legitimized and braced by association and how it impacts the relations among individuals and the state (Seidmann 2013, pp.159-174). Of course, Foucault underlines the criticalness of the power relations in the overall population and the digressive vitality of the specialists in alternate points of view. I unfalteringly assume that, Weber, with his formal and normal perspective and Foucault, with his commonsense approach, completes each other for perusers enthusiastic about power and authority thoughts (Zembylas 2014, pp.210-222). Reference List Ablett, P. 2006.Cornelius Castoriadis entry in Ritzer, G. Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, Blackwell Publisher. Oxford Archer, M., Bhaskar, R., Collier, A., Lawson, T. and Norrie, A., 2013.Critical realism: Essential readings. Routledge. Box, R.C., 2015.Critical social theory in public administration. Routledge. Bryant, C. and Jary, D., 2014.Giddens' theory of structuration: A critical appreciation. Routledge. Craib, I., 2015.Modern social theory. Routledge. Cuff, E. C., Sharrock, W. W. and Francis, D. W. 2006. Perspectives in Sociology. 5th ed., Routledge, London. Chapter 8. pp. 175-195. Fuchs, C., 2013.Social media: A critical introduction. Sage. Gane, M., 2014.Baudrillard (RLE Social Theory): Critical and Fatal Theory. Routledge. Garrett, P. M. 2013. Social Work and Social Theory: Making Connections. Policy Press. Bristol.Ch.s. 2 and 3. pp. 21-58. Garrett, P. M. 2013. Social Work and Social Theory: Making Connections. Policy Press. Bristol. pp. 185-194. Garrett, P. M.2013. Social Work and Social Theory: Making Connections. Policy Press. Bristol. Introduction. pp. 1-16 Honneth, A., 2014.Disrespect: the normative foundations of critical theory. John Wiley Sons. Joas, H. 1989. Review Essay: Institutionalization as a Creative Process: The Sociological Importance of Cornelius Castoriadis Political Philosophy. American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 94 (5), Mar.:1184-1199. Available from Lemert, C. ed., 2016.Social theory: The multicultural, global, and classic readings. Westview Press. Lemert, Charles. (ed.) 2013. Social Theory: The Multicultural, Global, and Classic Readings5th Edition. Westview, Boulder, CO. Introduction, pp. 1-19 Levinson, B.A., Gross, J.P., Hanks, C., Dadds, J.H., Kumasi, K. and Link, J., 2015.Beyond critique: Exploring critical social theories and education. Routledge. Levinson, B.A., Gross, J.P., Hanks, C., Dadds, J.H., Kumasi, K. and Link, J., 2015.Beyond critique: Exploring critical social theories and education. Routledge. Lichtheim, G., 2015.Marxism (RLE Marxism): An Historical and Critical Study. Routledge. Marx, Karl. 1976. Capital: A Critique of Political EconomyManagement Vol. 1. Penguin/ New Left Review, Harmondsworth. Chapter 10 The Working Day, pp. 340-416. A version of this book is also available via Stanford University Libraries McNay, L., 2013.Foucault: A critical introduction. John Wiley Sons. Parker, I., 2014.Discourse Dynamics (Psychology Revivals): Critical Analysis for Social and Individual Psychology. Routledge. Powell. J. 2013. Michel Foucault. In Gray, M. and Webb, S. 2013. Social Work Theories and Methods 2nd Edition. Sage. London. pp. 46-63. Robb, J. 2001. The Emergence of Social Theory. Robb, Wellington, Ch. 1: The Ancients and the Middle Ages, pp. 11-17. Seidman S. 2013. Contested Knowledge: Social Theory Today, 5th ed., Wiley-Blackwell Publishers,Cambridge,pp.175-187. Garrett, P. M. 2013. Social Work and Social Theory: Making Connections. Policy Press. Bristol. Ch. 4 Modernity and Capitalism pp. 59-78. Seidman S. 2013. Contested Knowledge: Social Theory Today, 5th ed., Wiley-Blackwell Publishers, Cambridge, Ch. 11. pp.159-174. Available from Seidman, S., 2016.Contested knowledge: Social theory today. John Wiley Sons. Slater, D. and Tonkiss, F., 2013.Market society: markets and modern social theory. John Wiley Sons. Taylor, I., Walton, P. and Young, J. eds., 2013.Critical Criminology (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Thompson, J.B., 2013.Ideology and modern culture: Critical social theory in the era of mass communication. John Wiley Sons. Tucker, K. H. 2002. Classical Social Theory: A Contemporary Approach. Blackwell, Oxford, Chapter 7.:Du Bois and Perkins Gilman: Race, Gender and Cultural Identity. pp. 228-250. Weber, C., 2013.International relations theory: a critical introduction. Routledge. Weber, M., 2015.On the methodology of the social sciences. Lulu Press, Inc. Zembylas, M., 2014. The Place of Emotion in Teacher Reflection: Elias, Foucault and Critical Emotional Reflexivity.Power and Education,6(2), pp.210-222.

Medieval Literary Drama Essays - Performing Arts, Medieval Drama

Medieval Literary Drama Medieval Literary Drama Dialectic and Spectacle in the Harrowing of Hell Roland Barthes's essay on "The World of Wrestling" draws analogically on the ancient theatre to contextualize wrestling as a cultural myth where the grandiloquence of the ancient is preserved and the spectacle of excess is displayed. Barthes's critique -- which is above all a rewriting of what was to understand what is -- is useful here insofar as it may be applied back to theatre as another open-air spectacle. But in this case, not the theatre of the ancients, but the Middle English pageant presents the locus for discussing the sport of presentation, or, if you prefer, the performance of the sport. More specifically, what we see by looking at the Harrowing of Hell -- the dramatic moment in the cycle plays that narratizes doctrinal redemption more graphically than any other play in the cycle -- as spectacle offers a matrix for the multiple relationships between performance and audience and the means of produci ng that performance which, in turn, necessarily produces the audience. The implications of the spectacle could sensibly be applied to the complete texts of the cycle plays, and perhaps more appropriately to the full range of the pageant and its concomitant festivities. The direction of pseudo-historical criticism, especially of the Elizabethan stage, certainly provides a well-plowed ground for advancing the festive and carnivalesque inherently present in the establishment and event of theater. Nevertheless, my discussion here is both more limited and more expansive: its limits are constructed by the choice of an individual play recurrent through the four extant manuscripts of what has come to be called the Corpus Christi plays; its expansion is expressed through a delivery that aims to implicate the particular moment of this play in the operations of a dominant church-state apparatus, which is, ostensibly, a model of maintaining hegemony in Western culture. The Harrowing provides a singular instance in which the mechanisms of control of the apparatus appear to extend and exploit their relationship with the audience (i.e. congregation). The play is constructed beyond the canonized operations of the sacred, originating a narrative beyond (yet within) the authorized vulgate; it is constructed only through church authority yet maintains the divinely instituted force of the orthodox doctrine. Two introductory instances, one from the Chester cycle and the other from the Towneley cycle, situate the narrative and event of the play as a spectacle which engages the possibility of being consumed by its historical and particular mass culture -- a culture which was primarily illiterate in both the official and the vernacular writings of the church -- and being understood within the hegemonic orthodoxy. The introductory speech in the Chester Plays (The Cooke's Play) describes a previous knowledge that Adam -- as representative for a fallen humanity -- apprehends exactly a t the moment he articulates his speech: Nowe, by this light that I nowe see, joye ys come, lord, through thee, and one thy people hast pittye to put them out of payne. Similarly, though now through Jesus's self-proclamation, the introduction in the Towneley cycle reveals the already known nature of its narrative: A light will thay haue To know I will com sone; My body shall abyde in gaue Till all this dede be done. The doubled "nowe" of Adam's speech and the perfected futurity of Jesus's speech dictate a time before narrative. By expressing the nature of narrative to be known and that the outcome of the particular battle -- which is hardly a battle -- between Satan and Jesus is already determined, both Adam's and Jesus's speeches establish a code for participating in the festival. The audience is relegated within this code beyond the activity of interpretation; they are placed outside of the hermeneutic circle. Instead of calling for interpretation, the play calls for consumption, w hich means, in this case, to view the spectacle. The public then is subordinated to its own activity of visualization -- its own sense of perception -- to gain access to the operations of the festival. At this point of subordination to the visual, the audience's motives, according to Barthes's description of the effects of the spectacle, are extinguished: The public is completely uninterested

Medical Law Essay Example

Medical Law Essay Example Medical Law Paper Medical Law Paper The case presents parents disagreeing with each other over their 12 year old minor receiving continued chemotherapy for his leukaemia. While boy and mother are against the treatment, father and doctors of the trust want to continue treatment so that the boy would survive for one more year. The principle the doctor should follow is the ‘best- interests’ of the patient regardless of the parents’ conflicting stance. Even if both the parents want to discontinue treatment, the doctor should not ignore best-interests principle since the patient is incompetent to decide. As there is no urgency if treatment is continued, the doctors would be well advised to refer the matter to ethical committee in the hospital for ultimate reference to Court’s appropriate orders. At least until the court is approached, the boy’s treatment should continue. In England, consent or refusal to treatment by adults is specifically provided for only in Mental Health Act obviously due to mental incapacity. For Children, Family Reform Act 1969 and Children Act 1989 would apply. Children who are 16 or 17 years old can be treated as adults for consent purposes, though it would not apply to refusal. For Children below 16, Gillick (1986) case law is of some assistance. The principle set out in that case states that if the minor patient is of sufficient intelligence and understanding; he/she is considered Gillick competent to give consent. Refusal to such a treatment already consented to whether by minor patient himself or by his parents is to be treated in a different perspective. For babies or young children, some one on their behalf alone can give consent in the best interests of the child. If there is a conflict, court can have overriding power to intervene and decide in the best interests of the children. In re M [1999), 15? year old, Gillick competent, with an acute heart failure was recommended for heart transplant. But the patient refused, unwilling to have someone else’s heart. The doctor decided that transplant was in the bests interests of the minor patient and therefore it was held to be valid in spite of refusal. In the instant case, Peter is a 12 year old boy undergoing treatment for leukaemia which he wants to be discontinued due to the painful chemotherapy. Since the doctor is opinion that continuance of treatment would ensure his one more year’s survival, his father is willing to continue treatment but his mother is resisting. Since minor has no capacity and hence no autonomy, his refusal can be overridden by the proxies of parents. In this case there is conflict between parents and the doctor is at risk to unilaterally continue or discontinue treatment due to the prospect of either of the parents proceeding against him. Though the doctor is permitted under law to decide in the ‘best interests’ principle, court intervention will be desirable in the present case because of the time available for taking a decision for continuance or discontinuance. The doctor will be in real fix if the decision is to be taken instantly in which case best-interests principle would apply. Assuming that this is a case of conflict between parents and the doctor, section 15. 2 of BMA Guidance will apply (BMA). Again this provision calls for an assessment of benefits or burden of treatment. The medical profession is guided by the same criteria as it would apply in the case of an adult in similar situation of severe unavoidable pain and distress. This crystallises to the principle of best interests of the patient, be an adult or a child. The General Medical Council’s guidance as Good Medical Practice (2006) also stresses the principle of the best interests of the child in para no 68 which says that the doctor should along with the parents or those responsible for the child assess burdens or risks for the child and encourage the child also to participate in the decision making process consistent with age and maturity of the child. Para 69 says that doctor should assess capacity of the child so as to take a particular decision and to understand consequences of treatment or non treatment. Particularly paras 72 to 76 exhort the doctors in charge of the incompetent patient to achieve a consensus between the two parents of parental responsibly without allowing the parent not in agreement to veto their proposal. It has been made further clear that doctors in charge of the incompetent patient to approach the problem with compassion and take the parents and others concerned into confidence so that they in their emotional outburst do not commit errors in their judgment. If still not possible to eliminate differences of opinion among the parents preventing treatment, doctors should seek legal advice and get a ruling from the courts. If none of them with parental responsibility is willing to authorise treatment, doctor can not implement his proposal without court’s ruling unless the emergency calls for treatment in the best interests of the child in order to prevent deterioration and to save the child’s life for the time being. In any case court’s ultimate orders will have to be obtained in such situations. (GMC) He should also consider applicable laws or legal precedents relevant to the different jurisdictions of U. K. In Re J (1990), court held that treatment was not in the best interests of the patient if affliction was to an intolerable extent. If the doctor gives treatment which would involve physical examination, surgery, or dressing a wound without a valid consent, he would be held liable for battery. Even if treatment is continued after the consent is withdrawn, it would amount to battery. In respect of Devi [1980], doctor was held liable for battery for conducting hysterectomy which the patient had understood as having consented for only repair of her uterus. In what is know as Glass case, Jones and Samanta (2004) report that in a case that came up before European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), mother insisted on withholding her consent which doctors resisted and gave medical treatment on two occasions with an intent to give him palliative care for a dying patient. The child has survived even today though the doctors acted in the best interests of the child. The ECHR awarded costs to David’s mother finding that doctors failed to demonstrate sufficient emergency to act in the child’s best interests. In brief, the case was about Davis Glass, the patient born in 1986 as mentally and physically disabled who had been under 24 hour care and attention by his mother and family members. As he was not considered by them as terminally ill, family members hoped he would survive his normal life span. During 1998, he had to be admitted to the Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust for a tonsillectomy. His postoperative condition became complicated and after several attempts of resuscitations, doctor felt his condition had become terminal and further intensive care would not be appropriate. But family felt doctors were not interventional enough as he was born disabled and certain to die. Fortunately, David recovered and was discharged. On the next readmission, doctors wanted to use opiates in his treatment as a part of palliative care to relive him of pain, anxiety and distress. This was not agreed upon by his mother who maintained that the doctors were attempting covert euthanasia and demanded he be put to full resuscitation with intubation in case of cardiac arrest. Doctors held the view that it would not be appropriate and asked for legal advice. The solicitor advised no court’s precedent existed declining doctor’s decision to provide palliative care to an incompetent patient and who is terminally ill. This time also David improved and was sent home. But on a readmission some time later, he was diagnosed with a terminally respiratory failure condition and hence was advised administration of Diamorphine for pain relief and to free him from distress. But the mother refused to believe that he was dying and did not agree to the administration of Diamorphine which she felt would spoil his chances of recovery. Despite her reservation, hospital gave in the Diamorphine and after a lot of commotion as result due to David’s mother’s reaction, the patient surprisingly recovered whereas both doctors and the patient’s mother had come to conclusion that he was dying. The authors conclude that current case law and statutes are not sufficient to solve such problems of whether doctors have acted in the best interests of the patients or not. Quoting Glass case, Hagger LE (2004) says that health professionals should ensure that their actions are demonstrable so that they are not accused of having acted in haste and that if provisions of Human Rights Act 1998 are observed in practice, there will be no fall out. Though the following case is not medical-law related, it would be of assistance in the case of disputes between parents over their child’s right. The case involved religious upbringing and circumcision of the child. Mother was a Christian and father, a Muslim. They were both non-practicing. Their five year old boy had acquired a mixed heritage and secular life style by being brought up by his mother and staying in contact with his father. Under section 8 of the Children’s Act, father applied for boy’s circumcision which the High Court declined. The Lordship found that circumcision would be more of an exception than the rule since the boy was being brought up in non-Muslim circle. Even though father appealed claiming that boy was born a Muslim and mere separation would not render him a non-Muslim, the court held that s 1 (7) of the Children Act does not allow a parent to let his son undergo circumcision without the consent of the other especially because of circumcision is irreversible. Bridge Caroline (2000) comments Section 2(7) of the Children Act 1989 provides that: ‘Where more than one parent has parental responsibility for a child, each of them may act alone and without the other (others) in meeting that responsibility; but nothing in this Part shall be taken to effect the operation of any enactment which requires the consent of more than one person in a matter affecting the child. Clearly, there are issues recognized by s 13(1) of the Childrens Act 1989, such as changing the childs surname or removing him from the jurisdiction that requires the written consent of every person with parental responsibility. However, both Thorpe LJ and Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss P made clear that there is a small group of important decisions which should not be made by one parent, albeit with parental responsibility, in the absence of the agreement of the other. (Bridge 2000) The above case deals with not a life threatening situation for the time being and the court has not established whose right will prevail as it depends on the circumstances of each case. If the word ‘irreversible’ has any clue, the present case can have the analogy of the boy’s immediate death being irreversible in case of refusal to prolong the treatment. Besides, the father is in agreement with the doctors. Further, the glass case gives a hint that however much the doctors expected the boy would die, he survived in spite of heavy odds as the luck would have it. In Glass case also mother hoped the boy would survive which the court endorsed and awarded costs payable by the doctors. But then the doctors failed to demonstrate urgency of the palliative care. In the instant case, urgency is all the more evident in that the boy would die soon if the medication is stopped. On the other hand he would survive for another one year and who knows he may even survive longer as had happened in the case of Glass. In both cases the crucial issue was chances of survival of the child which court favoured though in case (Re J 1990), it expressed the view that treatment was not in the best interests of the patient. Hence it would be in the best interests of the medical profession, after referring to technical committee at the hospital, to seek court’s opinion for continuance or discontinuance of the treatment to Peter while at the same time continue with treatment until court’s orders are received. Guidance in paras 71 to 76 of GMC reinforces the conclusion that in case of conflict between parents or total refusal of persons with parental responsibility in unison, doctors would act in the best interests of the child to tide over the emergency by prolonging the child’s life and at the same time obtain court’s advice in the face of conflicting or defiant parents for further action. References Bridge Caroline Comment on Re J. April [2000] Fam Law 246. accessed 9 February 2008 cirp. org/library/legal/bridge1/ BMA, British Medical Association Guidance for decision making, Withholding and Withdrawing Life Prolonging Medical Treatment Devi v West Midlands RHA [1980] C. L. Y. 687 Jones Elias A. C and Samanta. J (2004) Glass v UK (Application No 61827/00) [2004] 1 FCR 553 The implications of the David Glass case for future clinical practice in the UK accessed 9 February 2008 http://adc. bmj. com/cgi/content/full/90/8/822 Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech [1986] AC 112. GMC â€Å"Withholding and withdrawing life-prolonging treatments: Good practice in decision making† accessed 8 February 2008 gmc- uk. org/guidance/index. asp Hagger L. E {2004} The Human Rights Act 1998 and medical treatment: time for re- examination Archives of Disease in Childhood 2004; 89:460-463 accessed 9 February 2008 http://adc. bmj. com/cgi/content/full/89/5/460 M [1999] 2 FLR 1097 Re J (1990) UK Clinical Ethics Network accessed 9 February 2008 www. ethics-network. org. uk

Make a Vinegar Trap to Get Rid of Fruit Flies

Make a Vinegar Trap to Get Rid of Fruit Flies All it takes is one piece of rotting fruit, and you can find yourself with a maddening fruit fly infestation in your kitchen. Even if you throw out your produce and clean your kitchen, the fruit flies may persist. The best way to control fruit flies at this point is to get rid of the breeding adults. Making a simple vinegar trap is an effective and inexpensive way to catch and kill fruit flies that just wont go away. Fruit Flies Are Easy to Outsmart Fortunately, fruit flies arent very bright. The adults spend all their time focused on two goals: mating and laying eggs on rotting fruit. They use their sense of smell to find fermenting produce and will fly to their target with little regard for their own safety. Apple cider vinegar has just the right aroma of rotting fruit to attract their attention. Thats why a vinegar trap is so effective. The trap is designed to lure the fruit flies in and to prevent them from escaping. What Youll Need to Make a Vinegar Trap To make a vinegar trap for fruit flies, youll need just a few things (you probably already have most of them in your home): a glass or cupa plastic baggie large enough to fit over the glassa rubber bandscissorsapple cider vinegar How to Make a Vinegar Trap Pour a small amount- an inch or so- of apple cider vinegar into the glass. The cider vinegar has a nice, fruity aroma that fruit flies simply cannot resist.Using the scissors, snip the corner off the plastic baggie. This should create  a hole just large enough for fruit flies to pass through, but not so large that it will be easy for them to escape.Place the baggie over the glass, and position the hole youve cut over the center.Push the snipped corner down into the glass so the baggie forms a funnel in the glass  but doesnt touch the vinegar.Use the rubber band to secure the baggie to the glass. Alternatively, if you dont have a baggie or rubber bands, you can create your fly trap using paper and tape: Start the same way: pour a small amount- an inch or so- of apple cider vinegar into the glass. The cider vinegar has a nice, fruity aroma that fruit flies simply cannot resist.Curl the paper into a cone and tape it so that it doesnt lose its shape.Place the cone pointed side down in the jar (make sure it doesnt touch the vinegar).Tape the cone in place in the glass jar. How to Use Your Vinegar Trap Place your vinegar trap in the area where you see the most fruit flies- likely near your garbage, produce bins,  compost container, or any area with produce, organic waste, or standing water. If you have a heavy fruit fly infestation, you might want to make several vinegar traps, and place them in your kitchen and in other rooms where fruit flies are present. Fruit flies will fly into the glass, pass through the hole in the baggie, and become trapped in the glass. Within a few days, you should notice an accumulation of dead fruit flies floating in the vinegar. Empty the trap as needed, and refill it with fresh apple cider vinegar. A few well-placed vinegar traps, along with good housekeeping practices to discourage fruit flies, should get your infestation under control quickly. To make your vinegar trap even more effective, add a few drops of liquid dish soap to the vinegar. This lowers the surface tension of the liquid in the trap, so the fruit flies have a lower chance of escaping before they drown.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 3

Assignment Example Specially mentioning, the above described â€Å"soft side† of project management would support in finding out the obstacles in order to attain desired project targets by a considerable level (Andersen, 2010). 2. It can be apparently observed that there are several reasons for which projects fail drastically. In this similar concern, the various reasons might encompass unrealistic anticipations, ineffective exploitation of valuable resources, deficiency in the engagement of the senior officials or the management team and the involvement of inexperienced as well as low-skilled project managers. In addition, the other reasons for the failure of projects may embrace indistinct project targets, shortage of visibility in the projects and most vitally communication gaps among others. In order to ensure that a particular project does not fail, it can be organized in various ways. In this similar concern, the imperative ways can be centralization of projects in a particular database, p resentation of valuable information in a centralized manner along with establishing clear communication with every individual involved in a project among others (West, n.d.). 3. After reading the article of Turner & et. al. (2009), it can be affirmed that the relatively low implementation rate of Gantt chart and Critical Path Method (CPM) diagrams in projects might reveal informal planning based activities of the companies and most vitally it is showing less significance to them in terms of value. This could impose unfavorable impacts especially upon the financial conditions of the companies by a certain degree. In this similar context, my organization broadly uses the aforementioned aspects as primary tools in order to manage as well as organize various individual projects, make effective planning and guide the organizational members towards the accomplishment of different tasks. My organization which deals with providing military services to the customers intend to perform various operational functions similar to that of a hi-tech company. In this regard, one of the disparities, which exists relates to facet of change control prevailing in my business or industry, while it does not exist in the hi-tech companies as mentioned in the article. Thus, it can be stated that the above discussed instruments must be incorporated in order to ensure better project management (Docstoc, 2011). 4. According to the article of Cavaleri & Reed (2008) concerning the difficulties of describing the interdependencies between tasks, it can be affirmed that defining the interdependencies between tasks is actually quite difficult owing to various significant reasons. In this regard, a few of the reasons might embrace deficiency in coordination while conducting various project related activities, unsupportive collaboration actions, ineffective coordination procedures and massive interdependency upon one another regarding the completion of the projects in a stipulated time period. It can be affirmed from a broader outlook that the difficulties of defining the interdependencies between tasks in terms of complexities owing to the above discuss

TPA6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

TPA6 - Essay Example The recent past has seen the failure of major IT projects like the Queensland Department of Health Payroll System and the US Combat Support System. Among the reasons that cause such failures, is the exclusion of a project Champion in such projects. IT projects are associated with a substantial level of complexities in terms of complex system interfaces, scarcity of IT resources like machines that need to be shared, data conversion to compatible formats, and the ever changing technology that calls for the need to upgrade systems. Most Project Managers do not have a clear understanding of such needs or if they do, only try to solve them in a tight timeframe, and when everything has gone out of control. Thus, a Project Champion is essential at this point to develop the project’s scope, define the objectives and metrics of the project and provide an accurate specification of resources like hardware and software. In addition, a Project Champion actively supports the system’s architecture to stakeholders in an effort to provide a clear understanding of the various states the project is supposed to undergo. For instance, in case there is a change in the project’s implementation, or the hardware and software that were initially stated, most stakeholders and project managers end up being confused and filled with fear. In fact, they tend to understand change in what can be called a fragmented format, in that the change is not uniformly understood. The end results are inconsistent compliance, agitation and failure of the project. Thus, a Project Champion is needed, primarily to play a critical role in ensuring a swift transformation of changes through clarifying each and every step taken to avoid any misconceptions that might arise from the project managers, project team or the customer (Chakrabart, 1974). Most IT projects fail due to technological complexities and over-optimistic habit of project managers without having a clear

Nuclear Weapons & Cold War Essay Example for Free

Nuclear Weapons Cold War Essay 1) How did nuclear weapons affect the course of the cold war? The Cold War period of much conflict and tension was between the United States and the Soviet Union, along with their respective allies, was from the middle of the1940s until the early part of the 1990s. The building up of nuclear weapons was maybe, the most important of the many arenas that the rivaling countries played in. It became known as the nuclear arms race or the â€Å"competition for supremacy† The discovery that uranium was a plenty around the world shortly after the second world ar, helped to solidify the nuclear monopoly held by both the United States and USSR. While the United States had their own resources for uranium, they soon discovered that Eastern Europe was providing a steady supply to the Soviets, until they could develop a source of their own. The United States, who had predicted that the USSR would not have any nuclear weapons until the mid-1950s, was massively surprised when the Soviets detonated their first bomb â€Å"Joe One† on August 29, 1949. It was much like the bomb that the US had dropped on Japan in 1945 nown as the â€Å"Fat Man†. From that point on both governments devoted massive amounts of money, time and resources to increasing their nuclear arsenals. First off, it was the hydrogen bombs and then next came the Intercontinental ballistic missile or â€Å"ICBMs† as they are known. And on Oct. 4, 1957 the Soviet Union launched the â€Å"Sputnik†, the US followed with their own on Oct. 31, 1959. During this period of innovation, the world became nervous and scared; they discovered just how vulnerable they were. Large underground bunkers were built to save the presidents and he leadership of the nations, individuals were encouraged to construct fallout shelters and they were often taught how to react in the case of a nuclear attack. When both sides realized that any attack upon the other would be suicide for themselves as well, a new policy know as the â€Å"Mutually Assured Destruction† was adapted, and this would, in theory restrain both sides from attacking one another. â€Å"The number of nuclear weapons held by the two superpowers during the Cold War increased drastically because of the need for a first strike and later a second strike force. The highest numbers of nuclear warheads held by these powers was approximately 12,000 for the USSR and 10,000 by the US. This many nuclear weapons has the potential to destroy life on earth more than 1,500 times over† http://www. pwc. k12. nf. ca/coldwar/plain/armsrace. html. And yet, both sides kept exploring and spending large amounts of money and resources on developing nuclear weapons. In many respects, the stockpiling of these weapons was by far the most important contribution made to the world during the cold war period, than any other resource added by any other country. 2) Why has the European Union found it so difficult to achieve political, social and economic integration amongst the member states?  Shortly after the Second World War at the University of Zurich, Winston Churchill gave a speech that called for a â€Å"United States of Europe† and the creation of a â€Å"Council of Europe†. This council became the oldest organization in favor of European integration since 1949. But, in spite all the enthusiasm of the European citizens, the Council’s idea of integration has struggled for many reasons. One of the main reasons is because at the same time as the evelopment of the council another â€Å"European Union† was being formed. This Union was made up of twenty-seven European countries. It was established as the European Economic Community in 1957 under the Treaty of Rome and has undergone many changes since, most notably in 1992 by the Maastricht Treaty†. At first this Union was a welcome relief, growth and restructure was happening over night. The European Union was founded upon a number of treaties, and their laws cover a wide range of topics. Both, a legislative branch and the Parliament govern them. And the politics of he European Union primarily covered the economy. However, there is still a disagreement on how far the Union should expand. Because of the disagreement, the integration and expansion of the European Union has been slow since the end of the cold war period. Enlargement or expansion, together with the signing of new treaties, are seen by some as parallel processes, vital to the Union’s welfare. To many this is known as the bicycle theory. â€Å"The European Union is often compared to a bicycle: if it stops moving forwards it will fall over. The bicycle theory also applies to multilateral trade talks†. Bounds, Andrew (2007). Brussels blog: Bicycle wobbles on the way to Doha, Financial Times. And like most trade talks, both parties want to come out ahead in the end. Thus, the ongoing integration of the European Union and its member states are becoming contested on the grounds that it reduces it’s members national sovereignty too much. Politically, the Union struggles because neither they’re laws or their political theory offer the concept of a democracy. Their attitudes remain fixed by the idea of a nation state organization and its people. Socially, this makes them still behind the times. Economically, They struggle with the different economic and resource levels of each of the member states. All these along with the concept of Euroscepticism, or better known as the opposition to the process of European integration, the Union continues to move forward and yet has been forced to make changes to its policies. Amid the post war trauma, the European Union has become a beacon for organized political growth and upbringing. And today, in spite all the worldwide turmoil and confusion, The Union still spreads forth it’s hand in every effort to encourage global peace and umanitarian aid to its member states.  There is no set standard in the process of integration, but today there is a new focus on the complex policy making of the European Union. 3) What was `containment` and how did it influence US cold war thinking? The word containment means to isolate or to make stagnate. In the terms of the cold war, it refers to the foreign policies adapted by the United States under the direction of George Kennan. In the beginning, their policy was to stop all of the outside nations from moving politically towards Soviet Union communism and to ensure that the United States continued to ave, what they thought would be, the upper hand. For ideology as we have seen taught them that the outside world was hostile and that it was their duty to overthrow the political forces beyond their borders. (X[Kennan], Foreign Affairs, 1947). They hoped that ultimately in the end thecontainment policies would cause the fall of the Soviet Union and its ally nations. Back in the early days of history, containment was accomplished with the use of brute force or tactics much like an army taking over a castle and then came the use of treaties and political policies, thus being the cold war period. Today this is often accomplished by politically using severe sanctions, as in the United States’ dealings with Iraq and Iran. Espionage and sabotage are other ways of creating a containment among a group of people or nations. During the United States’ cold war containment period the policies adapted by President Truman experienced some major setbacks through the opposition of the Soviet Union, and by the Time the United States pulled out of the Vietnam war and the Koran conflict, there wasn’t mush credit given to the containment policies and ideas, anymore. So the United States started a new heory of â€Å"detente† or peaceful co-existence. Until the election of Ronald Reagan this was a believable concept. President Regan believed that the containment policies did not expand far enough, He felt uneasy about the weapons being held by the foreign nations. He wanted new missiles, placed in Europe to help the United States to become immune to the first strike concept. His new policies become highly controversial and very unpopular in many of the surrounding foreign countries. In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed under the direction of Gorbachev and the wanted nd result of the original containment policy had been achieved, this marked the official close of that policy. All though, the US still keeps its military and missile bases in the areas around the former Soviet Union, â€Å"just to be on the safe side they say†, many events have effected the world and the current containment policies. As of 2005, the United States are listed as having at least 700 military bases around the world, like the ones in Iceland and Germany. Some up to date estimates suggest that the real number is much higher.

Living Life Like The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Living Life Like The Great Gatsby    Imagine that you live in the nineteen twenties, and that you are a very wealthy man that lives by himself in a manchine, on a lake and who throws parties every weekend.   This is just the beginning of   how to explain the way Jay Gatsby lived his life.   This novel, by F. Scott, Fitzgerald   is one that is very deep in thought.   Fitzgerald releases little clues along the way of the novel   that will be crusual to understand the ending.   For instance, he makes the blue coupe a very important clue, as well as the Dr. T. J. Eckleburg eyes on the billboard that Mr. Wilson (the gas station attendant ) refers to as the eyes of god.   There are also other little things that relate to the reason of gatsby's death.   The main character's of this novel each have their part to do with the ending, Nick Caraway is probably the main character of this novel, as he comes down from New Jersey to new York to visit his cousin Daisy, who is married to Tom Buchannan.   These are some of the incidents that are included in the novel as   you will read further I will relate some issues of the novel, as well as other critics have included their views on The Great Gatsby.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   F. Scott, Fitsgerald   was an American short story writer and novelist famous for his depictions of the Jazz Age(the 1920's), his most brilliant novel work being The Great Gatsby(1925). He was born in St. Paul, Minnesota on sept. 24, 1896   and died in Hollywood, California on December 21, 1940.   His private life, with his wife, Zelda, in both America and France, became almost as celebrated as his novels.   Fitsgerald was the only son of an aristocrat father, who was the author of the star spangle banner.   Fitzgerald spent most of time with his wife, latter in their relationship they moved to france where he began to write his most brilliant novel, The Great Gatsby.   All of his divided nature is in this novel, the native midwestener afir with the possibilities of   every Americans dream in it's hero, Jay Gatsby, and the compassionate princeton gentlemen in it's narrator, Nick Carraway.   The Great Gatsby is the most

Recording Product Value Added Tax

Nama:Fajar Suryanegara Program Studi:Ilmu Administrasi Fiskal Judul Skripsi:Tinjauan Terhadap Penetapan Dasar Pengenaan Pajak Nilai Lain Atas Produk Rekaman Skripsi ini membahas penetapan Nilai Lain sebagai Dasar Pengenaan Pengenaan Pajak atas produk rekaman ditinjau dari asas-asas pemungutan pajak produktivitas penerimaan, kepastian hukum, dan kesederhanaan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif analisis.Hasil penelitian ini jika ditinjau dari asas produktivitas penerimaan ketetapan ini menimbulkan potential loss bagi negara yang terlihat dari selisih PPN terutang antara harga pasar dengan harga jual rata-rata. Berdasarkan asas kepastian hukum ketetapan ini kurang memberikan kepastian hukum karena kesalahan penggunaan pasal 1 angka 17 Undang-undang Pajak Pertambahan Nilai. Akhirnya, berdasarkan asas kesederhanaan ketetapan ini sudah memberikan kesederhanaan baik bagi wajib pajak atau Direktorat Jenderal Perpajakan karena pajak hanya dibebankan pada sat u level pemungutan.Kata Kunci: Dasar Pengenaan Pajak, Produktivitas penerimaan, kepastian hukum, kesederhanaan. ABSTRACT Name:Fajar Suryanegara Study Program:Fiscal Administration Title:Review for The Other Value Tax Base Quotition of Recording Product The focus of this study is the quotition other value as tax base for recording product reviewed from revenue productivity, certainty and simplicity tax principle. This research is qualitative with descriptive analysist design.The result for this research reviewed from revenue productivity principle caused potential loss for our country which can be seen from the deviation between market price and average sale price. Based on certainty principle this quotation gives less certainty because the misinterpretation of article 1 number 17 Indonesian Value Added Tax law. Finally, based on simplicity principle this quotition has given simplicity whether for tax payer or Tax General Directorate because the imposition is levied only to one level . Key words: Tax Base, Revenue productivity, certainty, simplicity

Nickel and Dimed Essay

Blue collar jobs are decent means to earn a living.   However, upon reading Nickel and Dimed, a sad reality on the plight of the working poor or the low-wage workforce would wrenched anyone’s heart thinking that if this one is happening in America what will happen to the rest of the other world for instance the poorer countries or we may say the fourth world? The world look up at America’s prosperity but in reading the book of Ehrenreich somebody with a heart would say leave behind that job that enslave and find a living!   This can be easier said but in the true sense it is not the case.   The world we are in is a competition and harsh to people who have the misfortune of having the least opportunity. For this reason, a gesture of kindness or a smile for the working class would alleviate their misery and this is the least we can do or offer them.   Moreover, it is a thing every man should ponder, and to find ways and means to eradicate such meanness. Essay for question number 2 Affordable housing is always in locations called the inner city.   No low-wage worker can afford a prime location and these locations are normally the place where somebody could easily find a job.   Moreover, city planners and businesses cater to the public who have the highest purchasing power because that means business.   With these realities, one may say that the problem is difficult to solve. Habitat for Humanity offers affordable housing but to marginalize few, this international housing organization despite its efforts can not extend its arms to every body that will be in need for low-cost housing.   Many of the working class has a need for affordable housing but it is a bone wrecking effort to make both ends meet.   Probably the only remedy is to lower the living condition and live within the most viable limit.   Truly the best way for a poor person is to live a frugal and detached life and that is to live in a trailer house? Essay for question number 3 Color or hues, even if we say we live in a free country still matters not because it is the Americas but on the simple truth that man are judgmental, discriminating or simply out of touch to reality, greedy or just bent on maximizing their profits. The life of working person begins not in front of his or her job but in the home when she or he start pulling the laundry, wash the dishes or fetch a son or daughter in school.   These are domestic works which needs to be polished day in and out.   In fact, this daily duties is enough challenge to a single parent when he or she needs to battle his or her time from the job that is at hand.   Moreover, single parents do not receive much emotional backups and for this reasons are occasionally being construed by a society to be in need of help but are often are the ones most of the times victimized. Essay for question number 4 Low-wage workers are often times people because of poverty have low self-esteem and for some are rebels.   These workers find difficulty in asserting themselves.   Just imagine the torture of everyday, fighting for the lease of a life that seemed to becoming expensive everyday?   Mentally these are poor workers who have already despaired on their sad fate that since there is no choice left to live, these are just the guys who would shrug their shoulder and live until one can still swallow an air to breath. People who are bereft of a just wage are men marginalized in a materialistic society that lords over technology.   A hedonistic society that looks down on men who belongs to the working class and despised them as if they are not flesh and bones like the rest of the human race.   Every citizen has the right to a just wage, a safe working condition, and a job that could sustain not just the pocket but the heart and mind as well. However, some rights are often undermine by the lack of concern not only from the policy makers but also from the public itself when people patronized products that are cheap because it provides cheap labor to its workers.   Employees of ill-minded owners or greedy businesses should make a stand not to patronized products and services that belong to these suckers.   There is a call for genuine solidarity among employees so that demands will be laid in the most effective and orderly manner or strategy.   With Barbara,   one would say that a 6$ job is not enough â€Å"to compensate indignity† (Ehrenreich, 2000). References Ehrenreich, B. (2000). Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 29 February 2008, from http://www.henryholt.com/readingguides/ehrenreich.htm         

10 Critical Essay Topics on the Dangers of Antibiotics

10 Critical Essay Topics on the Dangers of Antibiotics Before you set everything up for writing a critical essay about antibiotics and their negative effects, you should make sure you know what you are talking about. Here are ten facts that will help you find your footing in this complicated topic. 1. Antibiotics Kill both Harmful and Useful Bacteria Indiscriminately Surely, antibiotics have saved the lives of millions of people by eliminating the pathogenic bacteria that are the cause of vast majority of infectious diseases. However, we should remember that human intestines naturally contain around 100 trillion bacteria that are not only useful but essential for our well-being. Using and especially overusing antibiotics may throw the delicate balance out of whack, causing a wide range of syndromes ranging from annoying to fatal. 2. Drug Resistance To put it simply, the more we use antibiotics, the more resistant bacteria grow. As a result, physicians are forced to prescribe either more potent and therefore toxic antibiotics, or larger doses of them. This both poisons the patient and makes the bacteria even more resistant to treatment. Today the world healthcare industry is growing more and more alarmed by the perspective of post-antibiotic world terrorized by â€Å"superbugs† – pathogens that are no longer treatable by antibiotics. 3. Fatal Diarrhea Cases in Children In most cases, a common cold is caused by viruses, not bacteria, which means that antibiotics are useless against it while still causing side effects. Recent CDC studies show that children given antibiotics to treat upper respiratory infections are far more susceptible to C. difficile – bacteria causing severe diarrhea, dehydration and, in extreme cases, death. This infection is quite dangerous as it is, but especially lethal for little children, and antibiotics may give it a greenlight. 4. Increase in Drug and Hospital Costs Let’s not forget about economic ramifications of the growing drug resistance in bacteria. As old antibiotics grow less efficient, a need arises in new, more potent drugs or alternative methods of treatment. These had to be researched, tested and put into production, which requires time and colossal amount of resources. As a result, treatment of a drug-resistant infection is not only more difficult, but longer and more expensive for the patient. 5. Powerful Side-Effects Even relatively harmless penicillin carries a number of dangerous and potentially lethal side-effects, the most important of which was severe allergic reaction that happens from 1 to 4 occasions per 10,000 administrations. More modern antibiotics can cause the same and much more. Macrolide antibiotics such as Azithromycin may cause arrhythmia and cardiac arrest, the same goes for quinolone antibiotics such as extremely popular Levaquin. Chloramphenicol sometimes causes severe aplastic anaemia, and it is just a drop in the ocean. 6. Antibiotics May Cause Weight Gain It is common knowledge that antibiotics promote weight gain in livestock, which is why food producers generally include them into the diets of their animals. Somehow, most people fail to extrapolate that they should have a similar effect on humans – and some recent studies indicate that it is really so. Children who were prescribed antibiotics seven or more times between the ages of 3 and 15 on average weigh about 3 pounds more than those who didn’t receive antibiotics. It is not clear why this happens; probably because antibiotics wipe out healthy bacteria living in the gut and change the way food is broken down and processed. 7. Development of Food and Other Allergies By changing the natural micro flora of human intestines, antibiotics can lead to the development of food allergies. Moreover, exposure to antibiotics at an early age leads to significantly increased risk of developing allergies in adult life. This becomes especially noticeable if one is subjected to more than 2 courses of antibiotics during the first year of life. Again, the reasons are unclear but possibly connected to the disruption of normal gut flora. 8. Antibiotics Ruin Our Immune System Humans have co-existed with bacteria for millions of years, and our immune systems have developed to keep infection at bay. By habitually dousing every small ailment with antibiotics, we suppress our own natural ability to fight off diseases. As a result, when one finally encounters a really dangerous disease, one’s natural immune system may turn out to be powerless to deal with it. 9. At Least Some Antibiotics Lead to Chronic Illness Although antibiotics are supposed to kill bacteria while leaving human cells intact, some studies show that it is not always the case. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as Levaquin, Cipro and Avelox have been discovered to deplete mitochondrial DNA, damage cellular lipids and cause massive amount of oxidative stress within the gut. In the long run, they lead to a long list of symptoms ranging from tendon rupture and peripheral neuropathy to psychiatric problems and extremely complex and unpleasant Fluoroquinolone Toxicity Syndrome. 10. Not Completing a Course of Antibiotics Is Worse than not Starting It at All If you’ve started a course of antibiotics, you should complete it. Otherwise the disease is likely to return, and this time it will be much harder to treat. It will be less likely to go away on its own accord, and will probably require another, more potent antibiotic to get rid of it. Of course, antibiotics save lives every day. However, the way we use them today is far from what they are intended for. By treating trivial illnesses with this potent medication we feed bacterial drug resistance, which is a much more real and universal danger to human race than terrorism or nuclear war. If you need to write a critical essay but don’t know how, have a look at these writing tips. But if you have problems particularly with selecting the best topic for your essay in this field, check out the prepared topics on the dangers of antibiotics. Spend a minute on looking and save hours of searching and brainstorming. References Andrews, K.T., G. Fisher, T.S. Skinner-Adams. â€Å"Drug Repurposing and Human Parasitic Protozoan Diseases.† International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance 4.2: 95-111. Print Brannon, Shannon. â€Å"I’m on a Life or Death Warning due to Antibiotic Resistance†. The Guardian. Nov. 18 2015 Gardiner, Beth. â€Å"Taking on the Superbugs†. The New York Times. Oct. 19 2015 Tavernise, Sabrina. †White House Meeting Elicits Pledges to Reduce Antibiotic Use†. The New York Times. Jun. 2 2015 Tran, Mark. â€Å"’Last Resort’ Antibiotics Pose Growing Threat to Healthcare, Report Warns†. The Guardian. Nov. 16 2015 Stone, Judy. â€Å"Common Antibiotics Cause Arrhythmias, Death and Everything Else†. Forbes. Nov 9 2015 Visit our writing service to buy a critical essay online. You will get a superior-quality custom critical paper written from scratch!

Getting to Know the Pachycephalosaurus

Getting to Know the Pachycephalosaurus As befits a dinosaur named after its massive skull- which measured a whopping 10 inches thick on the front and forward side of its head- most of what we know about Pachycephalosaurus is based on skull specimens. Still, that hasnt kept paleontologists from making educated guesses about the rest of this dinosaurs anatomy: its believed that Pachycephalosaurus possessed a squat, thick trunk, five-fingered hands, and an upright, two-legged posture. This dinosaur has given its name to an entire breed of odd-looking boneheads, the pachycephalosaurs, other famous examples of which include Dracorex hogwartsia  (named in honor of the Harry Potter series) and Stygimoloch (aka the horned demon from the river of hell). Thick Skulls Why did Pachycephalosaurus, and other dinosaurs like it, have such thick skulls? As with most such anatomical quirks in the animal kingdom, the the most likely explanation is that the males of this genus (and possibly the females as well) evolved big skulls in order to head-butt each other for dominance within the herd and win the right to mate; they may also have gently, or not so gently, butted their heads against each others flanks, or even the flanks of menacing tyrannosaurs and raptors. The main argument against the head-butting theory: two half-ton Pachycephalosaurus males charging each other at top speed might have knocked themselves out cold, which would certainly not be an adaptive behavior from an evolutionary perspective!  (Whatever its ultimate purpose, Pachycephalosaurus block-shaped bean clearly didnt protect it from oblivion; this was one of the last dinosaurs on earth, in the late Cretaceous period, when a meteor impact 65 million years ago rendered the entire breed extinct.) As with another family of ornamented dinosaurs, the horned, frilled ceratopsians, theres a fair amount of confusion about pachycephalosaurs in general (and Pachycephalosaurus in particular) at the genus and species level. It may well be the case that many diagnosed genera of pachycephalosaurs actually represent the growth stages of already-named species; for example, both the above-mentioned Dracorex and Stygimoloch may well turn out to belong under the Pachycephalosaurus umbrella (which will no doubt be a major disappointment to Harry Potter fans!). Until we know more about how the skull of Pachycephalosaurus developed from hatchling to adult, this state of uncertainty is likely to persist. You might be amused to learn that, in addition to Pachycephalosaurus, there was also a dinosaur named Micropachycephalosaurus, which lived a few million years earlier (in Asia rather than North America) and was a couple of orders of magnitude smaller, only about two feet long and five or 10 pounds. Ironically, the tiny thick-headed lizard may have engaged in true head-butting behavior, since its tiny size would allow it to survive head-on impacts unscathed.

Discuss the benefits and environmental implications of applying Essay

Discuss the benefits and environmental implications of applying composts and other organic amendments to agricultural land - Essay Example These include sewage sludges, municipal solid wastes, urban yard refuses, food industry residues, wood processing wastes, and agricultural crop residues; these are produced in considerable quantities by the human community, particularly in urban, highly populated areas, state Senesi et al (1996). Besides their application to agricultural land after appropriate treatment, other alternatives for their disposal are incineration, land filling, and discharge to water bodies. However, the most environmentally safe and economically satisfactory solution is the application of composts and other organic amendments to agricultural land. â€Å"This choice also provides advantages which may result in soil fertility and agricultural production benefits† (Senesi et al, 1996, p.533). Organic wastes and residues of any nature require appropriate treatment before soil application. ... conomic benefits to agriculture, the measures to prevent adverse environmental outcomes, alternative options, and whether benefits outweigh negative effects will be examined. BENEFITS OF APPLYING COMPOSTS AND OTHER ORGANIC AMENDMENTS TO AGRICULTURAL LANDS The application of compost benefits the biological, chemical and physical properties of soil. Biologically, compost promotes the development of fauna and microflora, reduces plants’ susceptibility to attack by parasites, and supports the faster root development of plants. Chemically, compost has beneficial outcomes on soil in several ways. It â€Å"increases nutrient content, turns mineral substances in soil into forms available to plants, and regulates the addition of minerals to soil, particularly nitrogenous compounds† (EPA, 1994, p.87). Additionally, compost serves as a buffer in making minerals available to plants, and provides a source of micronutrients. Moreover, compost improves numerous physical characteristic s of the soil including the soil’s â€Å"texture, water retention capacity, infiltration, resistance to wind and water erosion, aeration capacity, and structural and temperature stability† (EPA, 1994, p.87). In Tigray Region of Ethiopia, the Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development undertook since 1998 the production of compost as a part of its extension package. By 2007, at least 25% of the farmers were making and using compost. The success of this approach is emphasized by the doubling in the quantity of grain yield between 2003 and 2006, from 714 to 1,354 thousand tonnes. At the same time, since 1998, there has also been a steady decrease in the use of chemical fertiliser from 13.7 to 8.2 thousand tonnes (Asmelash, Araya, Egziabher et al, 2007, p.19). Other regions of Ethiopia are also promoting

Southwest Airline comprehensive external environment analysis Research Paper

Southwest Airline comprehensive external environment analysis - Research Paper Example Though the local political affairs are usually kept under control, there are numerous other issues that do not lie within the company’s hands. The perpetual rise in the fuel prices has always remained a major issue for Southwest. The unpredictable nature of the fuel prices is hugely attributed to several external factors which are usually not within the control of the company. The fuel prices are hugely driven by political agendas of the oil supplying nations and it may have varying results for the airline industry since oil is the major expenditure that an airline company has to endure in order to operate effectively and efficiently. Economic Factors The aviation industry within the United States of America has been a major contributor towards improving its country’s economy. According to a study issued by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) in May 2012, the airline industry has almost contributed $669.5 billion (4.9%) to the U.S. economy. Of this amount , almost 31% was contributed by airlines, airports and airline concerned services. The current era in which Southwest operates, fuel is presumably the main issue for not only Southwest airline but the entire aviation industry. According to the financial statements of Southwest Airlines, oil and jet fuel prices have remained at around 37% of total operating expenses both in the year 2011 and 2012 (Investor Relations, 2012). Social Factors Travelling has remained an important aspect of people normal living and with the dynamism in the economy, commuting has increased rapidly during the last four to five decades. People who usually travel from one place to another would always want to travel with low cost, high quality service. Hence it may be argued that such services are, based on their cheapness, are usually available via rail or road transport but this issue may be reduced to a greater extent since Southwest operates a low cost airline service and people would prefer it considering the low cost which it offers. Ecological Factors Environment friendliness has always remained an important feature for Southwest Airlines. The company has always focused on purchasing fleets that are both cost efficient as well as environment friendly. In a bid to prove it environment friendly nature, the company ordered the purchase of almost 150 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft which it considers to be more environment friendly than its present aircrafts (Annual Report, 2011). Southwest also uses environmentally responsible products within its aircraft fleet in order to help providing better atmosphere for its customers. In order to display its commitment towards improving the environment, the company issued its â€Å"Southwest One Report†. The report addresses several ecological issues and also provides strategies which would be adopted by the company to help reduce environmental hazards (Annual Report, 2011). Technological Factors The aviation service industry is technology inten sive with an upward shift required at frequent intervals in order to remain competitive. Southwest Airlines has continuously kept up its foot on the accelerator with respect to technologically upgrading its services. The company has improved its website and its frequent flyer program in order to attract more customers. The company has also improved its fleets by providing Wi-Fi services to its